Category Archives: Writing

Where Do I Begin?

At which point in your characters’ lives do you begin your story?

Should your protagonist be the first person a reader meets? Or, as often happens in my chosen genre of crime, should it be the victim who appears first, fearful that they’re in danger and trying to escape, or perhaps they’re long dead and their corpse is laying undiscovered.

It’s long been said, in a jokey way, that a story should have: ‘A start a muddle and an end.’ Some famous novels use reverse chronology, beginning at the end of the story and working backwards to explain how the narrator got there. Martin Amis wrote Time’s Arrow through the eyes of a protagonist who can apparently bring people back to life, though it’s revealed that he’s actually a doctor at Auschwitz concentration camp who’s killing inmates in medical experiments.

Ambrose Bierce wrote a famous short story called An Occurrence At Owl Creekwhich begins as the narrator is about to be hanged by the neck, but there are flashbacks and a twist ending.

Timing is all, and it can affect not just the start of a story, but each subsequent chapter.

William Goldman admitted: I never enter scenes until the last possible moment…and as soon as it’s done I get the hell out of there.

Blaise Pascal reckoned that: The last thing one knows in constructing a work is what to put first.

I’ve rewritten all of my first chapters, after typing The End, to include foreshadowing that I wasn’t thinking of as I set out on a new writing adventure.

Poet Vickie Karp said: When we read, we start at the beginning and continue until we reach the end. When we write, we start in the middle and fight our way out.

Looking at my own Cornish Detective novels, I see that I always begin my stories in the here and now, describing the crime victim as their body is found or as they die or as they are released from danger.

In Who Kills A Nudist? the titular murder victim was killed the night before the story starts

The Perfect Murderer begins on the day that the third victim of a serial killer is found, a murderer who took his first target two months before.

An Elegant Murder starts in the present, but, in the mind of a deluded woman who is about to be murdered. Mentally, she is living forty years ago, having just escaped incarceration in the mental health system.

Sin Killers starts in the here and now, as seen through the eyes of a five-year-old boy who’s just been released by his kidnappers, who held him for two days.

The fifth story, written in 2018, The Dead Need Nobody begins a few minutes before a young painter is thrown to her death. The murder happened three weeks before the rest of the story starts.

I never reveal from Chapter One who the killer is, though he usually appears early on. In the two novels I’ve written from a multiple POV, the murderer gets his say. My crime stories are how-catch-’ems rather than who-dun-its. Although they begin in the present, all of the investigations involve delving back decades into the childhoods of the antagonists, to unravel the motivation for their crimes.

When do you begin your story?

Do you use a prologue describing the dim and distant past, when something significant occurred, with repercussions for your modern day characters?

Have any of you ever written a tale that begins at the end of the events that make up the bulk of the story?

What Books do your Characters Read?

I’ve just finished reading Henning Mankell’s An Event In Autumn, a Kurt Wallander thriller. It includes a 14-page afterword, in which the author reflects on how he came to start writing novels about a Swedish detective.

I was pleased to see that he chose crime fiction, as a way of exploring the problems in society, which is one of the main reasons that I began my Cornish Detective series. He quotes a Danish-Norwegian novelist Aksel Sandmosewho said ‘The only things worth writing about are love and murder’, though, Mankell reckons that money should be added, to create a perfect trinity. After all, the old adage in criminal investigations, of ‘Follow the money,’ often leads to the culprit.

Apparently, Mankell is frequently asked what books Kurt Wallander reads. In the eleven Wallander novels, he regularly listens to music, usually classical, but books are rarely mentioned. Mankell thinks his fictional detective would be a big fan of Sherlock Holmes.

It made me wonder about my own protagonist Chief Inspector Neil Kettle, who is a left-wing, Green and Bohemian copper. He’s unlike the normal rogue detective or private investigator, who are heavy drinkers, gamblers, and drug-takers with women problems; I’m bored with that old trope. My hero is eccentric, and though the son of a farmer, is rather cerebral, painting watercolour landscapes and reading books on art. I briefly mentioned in Book 1, Who Kills A Nudist?, that he prefers American crime novels (as do I), but perhaps I should say which authors he likes.

He could share my reading tastes—James Lee Burke, Michael Connelly, Dennis Lehane, Walter Mosley and Lawrence Block—but, not Lee Child, James Patterson, Dan Brown, Tom Clancy or Stephenie Meyer.

In creating a rounded character for my protagonist, it’s important to include his preferences in music, art, clothing, food, vehicles, cinema and his attitude to the natural world. Interestingly, Mankell’s readership increased when he gave Wallander diabetes. My detective worries about going bald, went through two years of severe depression and needs to attend massage therapy to treat old injuries. It’s important to remember that readers bond with characters as much for their weaknesses as their strengths.

Fictional characters who read books include Hermione Granger from the Harry Potter series, Elizabeth Bennett from Pride & Prejudice, Scout Finch from To Kill A Mockingbird, Holden Caulfield from The Catcher In The Rye, and Walter Mosley’s private investigator Leonid McGill is a real bibliophile.

Do your fictional characters read books?

Is their choice of reading matter a surprise, or does it fit their character and their profession?

The Getting of Wisdom

There are a million writing advice sites online—actually, 436,000,000 if you search Google—everybody knows what you should be doing as a writer, (though, the easiest thing to do in the world is live someone else’s life!).

Here are three things that I’ve learned, and which I frequently remind myself of:

1) Do It! Your story won’t exist unless you write it.

Even if you don’t feel in the mood for reeling off pages of creative writing, do something: jot down ideas, edit what you’ve already written, research facts, especially those you’re sure are correct, and try looking at what you’ve penned from the point of view of another character—which may reveal something you’ve forgotten to mention.

Writing is always a long hard slog, but you’ll feel better about yourself if you’ve typed only a few words. Mind you, thinking about writing also qualifies as writing!

2) Don’t Beat Yourself Up! Everyone is a critic, including you, but be your own ally, rather than an enemy.

Writers can be self-defeating, not believing in themselves, which isn’t the way to get anything done. Face it, from the start, you’ve entered into a creative act that illiterate, disinterested non-readers will ignore, while others love books, but not yours! From literary agents, to book publishers, editors, publicists, marketers, book reviewers, bookshop owners, ebook websites, browsing readers and readers who actually pay for your title, your book will have nasty things said about it + courtesy of the internet, the insults may well be personal. That’s the battlefield: bring bandages, you’re going to get hurt!

Why inflict pain on oneself, when so many others are ready to save us the trouble?

George W. Pacaud

Pain is inevitable, suffering is optional.

Haruki Murakami

3) Write Stuff Down! Sounds obvious, but recording ideas stimulates more ideas, and there’s evidence that the pen is mightier than the keyboard.

I can’t imagine writing an entire novel by hand, but I do jot down ideas on pieces of card and leave them sticking out from beneath my laptop, which subtly stimulates my brain into working on the word, phrase or plot twist—more so, than if I’d simply typed it into a document on-screen.

If you don’t write stuff down, there will come a time when your book is finished when you suddenly recall what you forgot to include, as the neglected detail flaps into sight like a vulture with greasy wings!

I’ve got dozens of folders containing notions, conversations and names for characters that may appear in future stories. It’s a great way of saving time and making yourself feel good about yourself if you rediscover a brainwave you had the year before.

Also, keep stuff! By that, I mean don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater, when you’re editing a manuscript. You may decide to dispense with a conversation between two characters, as being overly fussy for the thrust of your narrative, but it could be ideal for a future project.

Who’s to say that great writers didn’t almost ditch some of their most famous words?

Are Writers Selfish?

It’s undeniable, that to get a book written, an author has to be selfish.

We have to make the time to be alone in our creative space, to open the channels into the fictional world we command. That’s one of the joys of writing, for however confusing things become, we authors are at least able to decide how our stories will play out—unlike real life!

Not that it’s always pleasant to be confronted with a blank page. Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe compared writing a novel to being imprisoned:

It is like wrestling; you are wrestling with ideas and with the story. There is a lot of energy required. At the same time, it is exciting. So it is both difficult and easy. What you must accept is that your life is not going to be the same while you are writing. I have said in the kind of exaggerated manner of writers and prophets that writing, for me, is like receiving a term of imprisonment — you know that’s what you’re in for, for whatever time it takes.

Prisoners are occasionally visited by family and friends, and like a prisoner the writer needs to make a conscious effort to shake off the hidden world that occupies their thoughts, attempting to return to the reality of everyday living to interact with normal people.

That’s not to say, that writers constantly take pleasure in excluding loved ones, and even strangers, for sitting alone working, tussling with your imagination and confronting your own humanity has a way of throwing you back on yourself. Solitude may help creativity, but it helps to be happy in your own skin.

The commitment we need to write a book is assailed by doubts about its lack of commercial worth. We’ve created something, but if it doesn’t interest anyone and fails to sell itself, we’re effectively non-productive. It helps to have admirers among your relatives and friends, to buoy up your ego.

George Orwell said in Why I Write:

All writers are vain, selfish, and lazy, and at the very bottom of their motives there lies a mystery. Writing a book is a horrible, exhausting struggle, like a long bout of some painful illness. One would never undertake such a thing if one were not driven on by some demon whom one can neither resist nor understand. For all one knows that demon is simply the same instinct that makes a baby squall for attention. And yet it is also true that one can write nothing readable unless one constantly struggles to efface one’s own personality. Good prose is like a windowpane.” 

In 2016, Irish novelist John Banville stirred up a hornet’s nest of recriminations, after declaring that writers are bad fathers.

It’s undeniable, that the 20th-century’s best-selling children’s author, Enid Blyton, was a terrible mother, bringing misery to her daughters. Her writing came first, and she preferred the idea of happy families, rather than making one herself.

We have to be self-centred as writers, but does that make us selfish?

I live a solitary existence, happy to be reclusive. I don’t have a family and no friends who live locally. I made a deliberate decision to leave a town where I’d lived for 15 years, to move to an area new to me, so that I could write without distractions. This could be seen as selfish or egocentric or devoted to my craft.

I’m in regular contact with half a dozen friends, in the U.K., New Zealand and the U.S.A., and three have graciously acted as readers for me. As I’m happier than I’ve been in years, they don’t worry about me being stupidly selfish by doing something that’s frivolous and potentially harmful. I like the devotion and discipline required to be a writer, and freely admit that it’s addictive…but, it’s an addiction that enhances me, and which may benefit readers if they ever discover my stories!

Do you ever worry about being selfish?

What have you given up, to be a writer?

Creativity in Sleep

I like to think that I’m quite a capable director of my dreams. I alter the angle from which I view the action, zooming in for close-ups and panning across the scene. I’ve become adept at recognising when a dream is straying into nightmare territory, waking myself up and consciously thinking of something else as I re-enter sleep.

In the summer of 2013, I began to dream of imaginary scenarios that were plainly meant to be sections of a story or poetry. I’d been through a long and debilitating period of depression, during which I didn’t do very much at all, although my waking hours had become enlivened by titles for stories, phrases and characters’ names popping into my consciousness. That this creativity intruded into my sleep gave me hope, and I was compelled to record some of the ideas. These rapidly expanded into the plots for short stories and novellas. I also began to write poetry, with some verses arriving unbidden while I slept. I can honestly say that writing has been my salvation.

It wasn’t all joy and light, however. In researching the events that went into the back story of a serial killer in my first novel The Perfect Murderer, I read lots on the atrocities committed in Serbia in the 1990s. My villain’s attitudes towards relationships and the taking of lives were formed then, for he was a boy soldier when he first killed. The war crimes that happened then, reawoke my memories of what the Nazis had done. I’d learnt about the Holocaust as a young child, my first realisation of man’s inhumanity to man.

My serial killer is called The Watcher, a nickname that was awarded to him by his fellow soldiers for his patience and observation skills as a sniper. He’s transferred his stalking and camouflage expertise to the fields of Cornwall, and is tracking down and killing victims as part of a bizarre role-playing game. I guess that we’re all a bit paranoid about being watched these days, as we’re all under surveillance of some sort or other. I became even more nervous as The Watcher started to watch me, his creator, as I slept.

I was vaguely aware of his shadowy presence while I dreamed about sections of the novel, my work in progress, but on three occasions he intruded into dreams that were nothing to do with his story. Possibly because I never gave an accurate description of him while writing, he appeared as a silvery wraith form—but he was of menace and about to attack me! I’m a peace-loving man, but can be combative if confronted—so I attacked him back!

This would have been fine, had my belligerence been confined to the dream, but I acted physically. The first time I rolled out of bed, strangling a cushion that I’d been cuddling. Round two, a couple of weeks later, could have damaged my precious laptop, for I head-butted the coffee table that it rests on – I woke as it slid to the floor, just catching it. The worst incident of nocturnal fighting, prompted by my creative mind, involved me kicking The Watcher – or rather the wall next to my bed.

I was rather pleased with my aggression as I drifted back to sleep, though I thought that my big toe would be sore in the morning, as I’d given my assailant a full-blooded punt in the privates. When I went to get up in the morning, I couldn’t put any weight on that foot and the toe was double the size that it should be. Initially, I thought that I’d damaged some tendons or ligaments, but realised after a few days that I’d probably broken a bone. There was a half-inch deep divot in the wall plaster, so this was quite likely. There’s not a lot to be done with such a break, so I rested up for a couple of weeks while limping around pathetically.

Image result for dreaming writer painting

The Nightmare by Henri Fuseli, 1781.

Thankfully, the nightmares never came back, though after recently returning to creative writing following seven months of submitting to agents and publishers, I have had pleasant moments of inspiration while sleeping.

I suppose that at the very least, I could use my night-time fighting as part of the blurb for The Perfect Murderer—“Writing this book scared the author so much that he broke his big toe!”

Have any of you found inspiration in sleep? Various famous authors have been inspired by what they saw in their dreams, including Stephenie Meyer with Twilight, Stephen King with Misery, Robert Louis Stevenson’s Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Richard Bach and his Jonathan Livingston Seagull.

King, in particular, uses dreams as inspiration. He’s been quoted as saying, “I’ve always used dreams the way you’d use mirrors to look at something you couldn’t see head-on, the way that you use a mirror to look at your hair in the back.” He credits his dreams with giving him the concepts for several of his novels and for helping him to solve troublesome moments in the writing of his novel It as well. 

Image result for dreaming about book cartoon

The Ice in a Writer’s Heart

In his autobiography, A Sort of Life, Graham Greene famously said that there was a ‘splinter of ice in the heart of a writer, which allowed them to contemplate tragedy in a dispassionate way and turn it into art. Such self-possession might well repulse people who don’t write.

Ethical considerations must bother many writers: how can we write about tragic and distasteful subjects, without being moved? Are we monsters who exploit unhappiness? Revealing family secrets, even if it’s done in veiled fictional form, could be seen as a shocking betrayal.

Polish poet Czeslaw Milosz reckoned that “When a writer is born into a family, the family is finished.” In recent years, Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgaard has published a series of six autobiographical novels, titled My Struggle, which have dissected his relationships with family members and friends, leading to deep hurt and rifts. The morality of what he did is open to question—what price fame?—how far is a writer prepared to go in selling his soul down the river?

An ex-girlfriend who he knew for four years, was referred to by the anonymous name of Gunvor in book five. She said, in a newspaper interview: “It was as if he said: Now I’m going to punch you in the face. I know it’s going to hurt, and I will drive you to the hospital afterwards. But I’m going to do it anyway.”

He’s not the sort of person to strike up a friendship with unless you fancy seeing your character shredded on the pages of one of his books!

Any author writes to achieve a certain private emotional satisfaction and to take a stance on difficult aspects of life. We hope to produce a reaction in the reader, while not revealing too much about ourselves, which demands abstraction. I’ve written about some repulsive crimes in my novels, including murder, kidnapping, rape, torture and slavery. I do so, to make points about the state of society, rather than out of a morbid relish for the agony and pain caused by the criminals; some readers may like my stories for those reasons, but that’s out of my control.

I’ve become upset by some of the dreadful atrocities I’ve researched, so much so, that I broke my big toe!

But, it would be remiss of me to write as if I was upset, for the story wouldn’t ring true. My detective protagonist’s response to the crime he’s investigating may well influence the reader. Enough space has to be left, for the reader to decide how they feel.

I deliberately hold back from giving too many gory details, but I’m sure that I’ll offend some people who’ll suggest that I’m exploiting real-life victims in a cold-hearted way. As the old saying goes, “You can please some of the people all of the time, you can please all of the people some of the time, but you can’t please all of the people all of the time”.”

Nevertheless, there are moves afoot in publishing to make books politically correct, through the use of sensitivity readers.

This sounds like a great way of producing homogenised writing, where none of the characters does anything that’s likely to offend anyone, no matter what their race, gender, sexuality, politics, disabilities or ethics. No story will be too hot or too cold, and nor will they be ‘just right‘ (thanks Goldilocks) they’ll just be lukewarm and insipid.

A certain amount of coldness, even political incorrectness and moral ambiguity is essential to bring a chill to the reader, to make them react, to want to know what happens next, to read on….

How cold-hearted are you, when you write?

Do you worry about what people will think about you?

Does your conscience do battle with your desire to tell a story?

Have you ever read anything that made you wonder if the author was a psychopath?

Image result for someecards writing you into my book

Do Writers Look Like Their Books?

You know how it’s said, that people look like their dogs, and vice-versa?

The same can be said of cat owners.

Well, I was wondering if authors resemble the books that they write…could you pick out the sci-fi writers from romance authors and those who pen historical sagas (with a goose quill pen) should you be at a writers’ conference?

I don’t think that I look particularly homicidal, though I’ve been writing crime novels for the last five years. If anything, my long curly hair and beard might lead people to suspect that I’m a sci-fi author or someone who churns out dire outlaw biker thrillers, or maybe non-fiction about counter-culture and rock musicians.

Guessing what someone does for a job is occasionally easy, especially if you’ve hung around with that crowd. It hardly needs Sherlock Holmes’ powers of observation, to identify which people are farmers in a pub bar—their clothing, weather-beaten complexions, footwear and unkempt hairstyles all give them away. I once worked as a barman in an inn that was close to a police station and Crown Court: it was simple to tell the difference between the coppers and the legal eagles, even in plain clothes. There was also a town pub notorious for being fraternised by criminals, and I observed many similarities between ever-watchful and cynical law-breakers and their pursuers, the observant detectives who believe no one’s story.

An author’s appearance can be crucial in helping to market and sell their books. I’ve previously ranted on about how some literary agencies and publishers have a roster of clients that looks like a modelling agency.

All the same, it’s impossible for any of us to escape a tendency to have a stereotypical image of how a genre writer should look. As I contemplate creating an online persona to market my Cornish Detective series, I’ve been wondering daft things, such as should I acquire a long wax-proof coat for my author picture, along with a sturdy walking pole—my protagonist detective has both—for me to be artfully posed on a Bodmin Moor granite crag? Shoot me, now! 

Image result for bodmin moor

These are the sort of things that authors agonise over, as this article about famed photographic portraitist Marion Ettlinger reveals. Sadly, the article doesn’t show her photographs, but here’s a link to her website.

Some of her images hint at what sort of books an author writes, or, at least their stance and clothing suggest their style.

One aspect of marketing that amuses me, is how the dust jacket end flap shows a photograph of the author from 20 years ago, back when his skin was tight and his hair profuse and he didn’t look like one of the Walking Dead. I wonder if the choice is at the author’s insistence (I’m forever young!) or the publicity department is blatantly conning the reading public.

So, do you look like the author of your book?

Could a reader guess that you write fantasy stories?

Do all writers of children’s books look friendly and approachable, open to new experiences—like adult-sized children?

Stealing Book Titles from Great Literature

I recently read Richard Flanagan’s 2014 Man Booker Prize-winning novel The Narrow Road to the Deep North, and curious about the title, I did some investigating and found it comes from a 17th-century Japanese work by poet Matsuo Bashõ, which is considered to be one of the major texts of Japanese literature.

Image result for poet Matsuo Bashõ

It’s a common practice, for authors to lift titles or quotations from literature as titles for their works. There’s a Wikipedia page on the subject.

Quite often, the new book overshadows the source of inspiration. For instance, many more readers know of Maya Angelou’s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings than the title’s source, Paul Laurence Dunbar’s poem Sympathy.

In my own writing, I inadvertently almost stole a book title. I called my second Cornish Detective novel The Perfect Murderer, which was partly a teasing piece of misdirection made by one of the sinister characters, who described a serial killer in this glowing way when it was actually him who’d perfectly evaded detection.

I was thinking what a clever boy I’d been, when I read a guide to writing by H. R. F. Keating called Writing Crime Fiction, in which he mentioned his first Inspector Ghote novel, that was called The Perfect Murder. It was first published in 1964, but I realised that I’d read it, as well as several other stories in the series while working as a librarian in London in the 1970s. I’d forgotten about it, but perhaps a part of my subconscious stored the title away as being eye-catching.

Since then, I’ve been diligent in checking that my chosen titles aren’t the same as previously published novels—as well as finding out if my characters’ names already prowl the pages of famous works of literature.

Having a book title that lifts a familiar phrase can be an effective ‘hook’, (even if it’s only subliminally), to make people remember it. A good example is John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, which was suggested by his wife Carol after he had difficulties thinking of something. It’s taken from The Battle Hymn of the Republic, by Julia Ward Howe:

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord:
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword:
His truth is marching on.

Having exactly the same book title as a bestseller can have unexpected sales benefits, as the startled author of a military history book recently discovered.

Have you used quotes, lyrics from songs, lines from verse or existing book titles as inspiration for your own novel’s title?

Sturgeon’s Law

I came across a reference to Sturgeon’s Law, which has made me more philosophical about getting worked up when I read a book that is so bad that I can’t believe it got published.

Apparently, someone commented to the noted science fiction writer Theodore Sturgeonthat ninety percent of science fiction was crud, to which he retorted, “But, 90% of everything is crud.”

Image result for theodore sturgeon

For me, a book needs to be a key that opens something within me. If the teeth don’t line up with the tumblers of my soul, then I reject it…though, it may unlock doors for other readers. As the old saying goes, ‘One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.’

It’s still a shame that many best-selling books are so badly written!

Best keep my book throwing skills intact….

Parody=Success

For a writer to achieve great success, their main character(s) and storyline need to be readily parodyable. Initially, this notion may sound offensive, but just think of the comedic interpretations that have been made of these well-known stories and characters:

* JK Rowling’s Harry Potter series

* James Bond

* Frankenstein’s Monster

* Count Dracula

* The 50 Shades series

* Sherlock Holmes

* The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings

* Miss Marple & Inspector Clouseau

* Tarzan of the Apes

* Long John Silver from Treasure Island

* Enid Blyton’s The Famous Five

* Superheroes: Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman and, increasingly, Wolverine.

All of these characters are popular because they make people feel good, and perhaps because they’re also slightly intimidating, they’re parodied—adding to their popularity. All of them are instantly recognisable as cartoons, many as head emojis or Lego figures and all are used as shorthand ways to describe people’s behaviour or appearance. Iconic is an overused word, but these icons are lampooned in an affectionate way.

These characters are larger than the story, entering popular culture. Many people recognise the character, even if they haven’t read the original book. For instance, most interpretations of a pirate hinge on the wooden leg and parrot of Long John Silver, along with the daft ‘pirate voice’ saying things such as “Ah, Jim lad, it’s the Black Spot, which came from actor Robert Newton’s West Country accent.

How could this affect our own writing? My protagonist, Chief Inspector Neil Kettle is increasingly eccentric as he redefines himself after being widowed, also seeking relaxing distractions from his job, some of which help him tackle cases in oblique ways. Thus, he paints watercolours, meditates, listens to a wide variety of music, has taken up the guitar, is a keen naturalist and wildlife gardener. He rides a menacing black chopper motorcycle. He’s a copper on a chopper!

Image result for big bear choppers

I wanted to create a different type of detective, and Neil Kettle is a left-wing/Green party, Bohemian/Hippy artist who’s tapped into the pagan and farming community. Clothing-wise, he favours leather and wax-proof cotton jackets and floor-length highwayman’s coats. Whether any of these quirks make him worthy of being parodied, I don’t know….

Some writers’ physical looks become a parodyable logo. Jon Ronson writes quirky books investigating things such as psychopaths, public shaming, military use of hypnotism, extremists and craziness. His publisher has used his quizzical appearance on the covers of his books:

Do you have any fictional protagonists who could become instantly recognisable parodies, through their physical appearance, clothing or behaviour?

How do you feel about becoming a marketing tool yourself, with your head turned into a lurid cartoon?